What are the symptoms of ADPKD

ADPKD is one of diseases that involves the whole body system. The followings are the general introduction about symptom of ADPKD.
1.Kidney Cyst: lots of ADPKD patients’ symptom is closely related to the cyst of kidney. Kidney cortex, medulla exist multiple fluid cyst, diameter differs from millimeter to centimeter, the size of the cyst and the number of the cyst are gradually increase along with the course of disease. Male patients with ADPKD have higher risk of developing big cysts compared with female patients.
2 Back pain: the common symptom for the patients is back pain or rib and abdomen pain. With the increase of age, back pain symptoms becomes obvious, and this symptom is more common among female patients. Acute Pain and sudden worsening of pain always indicate cyst rupture hemorrhage urinary obstruction resulted from stone or blood clot and concurrent infection. Increscent kidney or cyst pull capsule renal pedicle, oppress organ nearby and therefore lead to Chronic pain.
3.Blood urine : more than 90% of the patients have bleeding condition or macroscopic haematuria which are usually Idiopathic. It also can occur after dramatic movement or trauma. The causes of hematuria are cyst vascular rupture, stone infection or cancer and so on. Generally speaking, hematuria are self-limited,and usually disappear within 2 to 7 days. If bleed last more than one week or the patients with age over 50, doctors need to make sure the cysts are not cancerous.
4. High blood pressure: high blood pressure is one of the common symptoms of ADPKD in early stage. 50% of the young ADPKD patients with normal renal function have high blood pressure more than 140/90mmHg. Almost all the patients with advanced stage ADPKD have high blood pressure. The severity of the blood pressure is in proportion to the number of the cysts, the size of the cyst, as well as patients’ age.
5,kidney function damage, early kidney function damage often show as kidney function decline. Most of the patients can maintain normal kidney function in early stage. However, once kidney function decreases , GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate) decreases at speed of 4.4~5.5ml/min every year, from impaired kidney function develops to end-stage renal disease within 10 years.
6. Others: 20% of the ADPKD patients have kidney stones which is mainly uric acid and (or) oxalic acid calcium stone. Urinary tract and cyst infection are the common complications, retrograde infection is the major route. Compared with the ordinary person, ADPKD patients with renal cancer cells often get invasion in the early days and their symptom is more obvious. Also, they are at high risk of developing bilateral sarcoma sample multicenter metastases
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