Introduction about 5 stages of kidney failure

In modern life, with the development of socio-economic progress and rising living standards, our medical technology has been significantly improved. But on the other hand, to each of us better able to learn a variety of life, we should understand a lot of common sense knowledge related diseases. The following will tell you about the various stages of renal failure:
First, decompensated renal function: normal glomerular filtration rate of 120 ml per minute. This reduction of glomerular filtration rate to 30-60 ml / min, reduce the renal unit of about 20% -25%. Despite the loss of renal reserve capacity at this time, but for the excretion of metabolites, regulation of water, electrolyte and acid-base balance is still good, so no special clinical manifestations, blood urea nitrogen muscle enzymes are usually normal or slightly elevated sometimes.
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Second, azotemia: glomerular filtration rate in this period was reduced to 25 ml / min, reducing by 50% -70% of renal units, renal dysfunction concentrated, there nocturia or polyuria, varying degrees of anemia, often There azotemia, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen levels. Clinically, fatigue, loss of appetite, mild nausea and general discomfort. This neglect of renal function, such as additional load protection or body, such as severe vomiting, diarrhea, caused by hypovolemia, severe infection and use of nephrotoxic drugs, can cause rapid kidney function decline and failure.

Third, renal failure (uremia preliminary): The reduction in glomerular filtration rate to 10-15 ml per minute, renal unit decrease of approximately 70% -90%, severely impaired renal function, metabolism in the body can not be maintained and water and electrolyte and acid-base balance. Impossible to maintain a stable internal environment, resulting in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen increased significantly, diluted urine concentration dysfunction, acidosis, sodium retention, low calcium, high phosphorus, potassium and other balance disorders performance. Chronic renal failure can be cured? May have significant anemia and gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite. You may also have neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as fatigue, lack of concentration, lack of energy and so on.

Fourth, uremia: glomerular filtration rate dropped to 10 ml -15 ml per minute or less, more than 90% reduction in renal units, this period is late chronic renal failure, renal failure symptoms more pronounced above, the performance of the whole body multiple organ failure, such as the gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, cardiovascular, blood system, respiratory system, skin and metabolic system imbalance. Clinically manifested as nausea, vomiting, irritability, increased blood pressure, palpitation, chest tightness, not supine, breathing difficulties, severe anemia, convulsions, coma and severe, often hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, high blood phosphorus disease. This need to rely on dialysis to sustain life. Often due to hyperkalemia, cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, heart failure and sudden death.